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Although non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutation positive (EGFR M+) tumors initially respond well to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy, the responses are usually incomplete. In this study we show that AKT inhibition, most importantly AKT2 inhibition, synergises with EGFR TKI inhibition to increase cell killing in EGFR M+ NSCLC cells. However, our data also suggest that the synergistic pro-apoptotic effects may be stunted due to a prosurvival autophagy response induced by AKT inhibition. Consequently, inhibiting autophagy with chloroquine significantly enhanced tumor cell death induced by gefitinib and AKT inhibitors in EGFR M+ cells in vitro, and produced greater tumor shrinkage in EGFR M+ xenografts in vivo. Together, our findings suggest that adding chloroquine to EGFR and AKT inhibition has the potential to improve tumor responses in EGFR M+ NSCLC, and that selective targeting of AKT2 may provide a new treatment option in NSCLC.

Original publication

DOI

10.18632/oncotarget.2017

Type

Journal article

Journal

Oncotarget

Publication Date

15/07/2014

Volume

5

Pages

4765 - 4778

Keywords

Animals, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Apoptosis, Autophagy, Blotting, Western, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Cell Survival, Chloroquine, Drug Synergism, ErbB Receptors, Female, Gefitinib, Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Nude, Mutation, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Quinazolines, RNA Interference, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays