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AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of sarcoid-like reaction to malignancy detected using integrated 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients undergoing staging or restaging of solid-organ malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search was performed using the institutional radiology information system of 2048 consecutive PET/CT examinations performed in cancer patients at a tertiary-referral centre. Cases that were considered suspicious for sarcoid-like reaction were identified from the initial radiological report and were retrospectively reviewed by three experienced PET/CT reporters. RESULTS: Sarcoid-like reaction was initially suspected in 23 of the 2048 (1.1%) FDG PET/CT examinations, with the diagnosis confirmed histologically or by clinico-radiological follow-up in 13 of the 23 cases (57%). Sarcoid-like reaction was more commonly seen in patients undergoing FDG PET/CT for restaging of suspected recurrence rather than for primary tumour staging (77% versus 23%; p=0.05). The mean maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) of confirmed hilar and mediastinal sarcoid-like reaction was 7.3 (range 3.1-13.6). Symmetric hilar uptake was demonstrated in 11 of the 13 (85%) and all 13 had additional mediastinal nodal uptake. Pulmonary uptake was seen in seven of the 13 cases (54%). Extra-thoracic involvement was present in eight of the 13 (61.5%), including nodal, splenic, and hepatic lesions. CONCLUSION: Sarcoid-like reaction was suspected in 1.1% of cancer patients at FDG PET/CT examination, with confirmation of the diagnosis in 0.6%. With the increasing use of FDG PET/CT in cancer patients, it is important to be aware of the prevalence of this uncommon, but important, disease entity and to consider this diagnosis in appropriate cases in order to avoid a false-positive interpretation of metastatic disease.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.crad.2009.03.005

Type

Journal article

Journal

Clin Radiol

Publication Date

07/2009

Volume

64

Pages

675 - 681

Keywords

Adult, Aged, Female, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Granuloma, Humans, Lung Diseases, Male, Mediastinal Diseases, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Neoplasms, Positron-Emission Tomography, Prevalence, Radiopharmaceuticals, Retrospective Studies, Sarcoidosis, Tomography, X-Ray Computed