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PURPOSE: XR5000 (N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]acridine-4-carboxamide) is a topoisomerase I and II inhibitor. Because the cytotoxicity of XR5000 increases markedly with prolonged exposure, we performed a phase I study of weekly XR5000 by 120-hour continuous infusion over 3 weeks. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with advanced solid cancer were treated at seven dose levels (700 to 4,060 mg/m2/120 hrs) for a total of 67 cycles. Three patients underwent positron emission tomography (PET) studies at the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) to evaluate normal tissue and tumor carbon-11 radiolabeled XR5000 ([11C]XR5000) pharmacokinetics. RESULTS: The dose-limiting toxicity was National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (version 1) grade 4 chest and abdominal pain affecting the single patient receiving 4,060 mg/m2/120 hours, and the MTD was 3,010 mg/m2/120 hours. Other grade 3-4 toxicities, affecting single patients at the MTD, were myelosuppression (grade 4), raised bilirubin, vomiting, and somnolence (all grade 3). There was one partial response (adenocarcinoma of unknown primary); the remainder had progressive disease. [11C]XR5000 distributed well into the three tumors studied by PET. Tumor uptake (maximum concentration or area under the concentration versus time curve [AUC]) was less than in normal tissue in which the tumors were located. Tumor exposure (AUC; mean +/- SD in m2/mL/sec) increased when [(11)C]XR5000 was administered during an infusion of XR5000 (0.242 +/- 0.4), compared with [11C]XR5000 given alone (0.209 +/- 0.04; P <.05), indicating that tumor drug exposure was not saturated [corrected]. CONCLUSION: The recommended dose for XR5000 in phase II studies is 3,010 mg/m2/120 hours. PET studies with 11C-labeled drug were feasible and demonstrated in vivo distribution into tumors. Saturation of tumor exposure was not reached at the MTD.

Original publication

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2003.02.008

Type

Journal article

Journal

J Clin Oncol

Publication Date

15/01/2003

Volume

21

Pages

203 - 210

Keywords

Acridines, Adult, Aged, Area Under Curve, Carbon Radioisotopes, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Male, Maximum Tolerated Dose, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Tissue Distribution, Tomography, Emission-Computed