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DNA lesions encountered by replicative polymerases threaten genome stability and cell cycle progression. Here we report the identification of mutations in TRAIP, encoding an E3 RING ubiquitin ligase, in patients with microcephalic primordial dwarfism. We establish that TRAIP relocalizes to sites of DNA damage, where it is required for optimal phosphorylation of H2AX and RPA2 during S-phase in response to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, as well as fork progression through UV-induced DNA lesions. TRAIP is necessary for efficient cell cycle progression and mutations in TRAIP therefore limit cellular proliferation, providing a potential mechanism for microcephaly and dwarfism phenotypes. Human genetics thus identifies TRAIP as a component of the DNA damage response to replication-blocking DNA lesions.

Original publication

DOI

10.1038/ng.3451

Type

Journal article

Journal

Nat Genet

Publication Date

01/2016

Volume

48

Pages

36 - 43

Keywords

Amino Acid Sequence, Cell Proliferation, Child, Preschool, DNA Damage, Dwarfism, Facies, Histones, Humans, Microcephaly, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Phosphorylation, Replication Protein A, S Phase, Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Ultraviolet Rays