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Cellular differentiation involves transcriptional responses to environmental stimuli. Adipocyte differentiation is inhibited under hypoxic conditions, indicating that oxygen (O(2)) is an important physiological regulator of adipogenesis. Hypoxia inhibits PPAR gamma 2 nuclear hormone receptor transcription, and overexpression of PPAR gamma 2 or C/EBP beta stimulates adipogenesis under hypoxia. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts deficient in hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) are refractory to hypoxia-mediated inhibition of adipogenesis. The HIF-1-regulated gene DEC1/Stra13, a member of the Drosophila hairy/Enhancer of split transcription repressor family, represses PPAR gamma 2 promoter activation and functions as an effector of hypoxia-mediated inhibition of adipogenesis. These data indicate that an O(2)-sensitive signaling mechanism regulates adipogenesis. Thus, agents that regulate HIF-1 activity or O(2) sensing may be used to inhibit adipogenesis and control obesity.

Type

Journal article

Journal

Dev Cell

Publication Date

03/2002

Volume

2

Pages

331 - 341

Keywords

3T3 Cells, Adipocytes, Animals, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Cell Differentiation, Cell Hypoxia, DNA-Binding Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Homeodomain Proteins, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, Mice, Nuclear Proteins, Oxygen, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Transcription Factors