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In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), genetic variants within and outside the CFTR locus contribute to the variability of the disease severity. CFTR transcription is tightly regulated by cis-regulatory elements (CREs) that control the three-dimensional structure of the locus, chromatin accessibility and transcription factor recruitment. Variants within these CREs may contribute to the pathophysiology and to the phenotypic heterogeneity by altering CFTR transcript abundance. In addition to the CREs, variants outside the CFTR locus, namely "modifiers genes", may also be associated with the clinical variability. This review addresses variants at the CFTR locus itself and CFTR CREs, together with the outcomes of the latest modifier gene studies with respect to the different CF phenotypes.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.jcf.2019.11.001

Type

Journal article

Journal

J Cyst Fibros

Publication Date

13/11/2019

Keywords

CFTR, Cystic fibrosis, Genetics, Genomics, Modifier genes, cis-regulatory elements