Biomarkers in oncology
Kounnis V., Cleland J., Azam F., Midgley R., Kerr DJ.
Modern developments in molecular genetics have led oncologists not only to define tumors according to their anatomical site, stage, and histological type, but also to appreciate the heterogeneity between tumors according to their specific molecular, genetic, or immunological subtype, empowering oncologists to, ideally, provide more individually tailored treatment to particular patients and their specific tumor subtype by using highly targeted therapies. In this chapter, circulating biomarkers and pharmacodynamics markers for target inhibition, among other markers, will be discussed and exemplified with regard to major oncological entities.