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Tumor invasion into blood and/or lymphatic channels is an important component of cancer staging and prognosis. Standard pathological methods do not provide sufficient contrast to discriminate between invasion into each type of vessel and are complicated by tissue retraction artifacts. We evaluated the ability of a triple-stain immunohistochemical method, combining cytokeratin, CD34, and podoplanin stains in a single section, to distinguish blood from lymphatic vascular invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma and confirmed its results using multispectral analysis. The triple-stain method was significantly more sensitive in detecting invasive events than the standard hematoxylin and eosin staining method and easily discriminated between blood and lymphatic vessel invasion. Invasive events were present in blood and/or lymphatic vessels in the majority of patients with and without presentation of lymph node metastasis, indicating that vessel invasion in this cancer model is common and is not a rate-limiting step for lymph node metastasis.

Original publication

DOI

10.1369/jhc.2008.950790

Type

Journal article

Journal

J Histochem Cytochem

Publication Date

09/2008

Volume

56

Pages

803 - 810

Keywords

Antigens, CD34, Blood Vessels, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Lymphatic Vessels, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Middle Aged, Mouth Neoplasms, Neoplasm Invasiveness