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Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Predictive molecular markers are crucial in patient management, but the only recommended predictive biomarkers are estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2. There are many new targeted therapies, and although the target pathway expression is readily analyzed on conventional pathology, the dynamic response cannot be assessed and pathway expression is no guarantee it has a major driver role, even if mutated. Selecting therapies requires considering the patient, the molecular characteristics of the tumor, and the microenvironment of the tumor. Thus, the integration of molecular pathology, imaging, and early tumor biological response to therapy may provide evidence of drug activity and allow more rapid changes of therapy. The adaptive response of the tumor is a key resistance mechanism that can be assessed readily in the neoadjuvant setting. Although there are no markers that meet all surrogacy criteria, their use could provide crucial information on mechanisms of drug sensitivity/resistance. Validation of such markers requires a major emphasis on neoadjuvant trials to relate early-biomarker response to outcome.

Original publication

DOI

10.1093/jncimonographs/lgr029

Type

Journal article

Journal

J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr

Publication Date

2011

Volume

2011

Pages

67 - 70

Keywords

Antineoplastic Agents, Biomarkers, Tumor, Breast Neoplasms, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Clinical Trials as Topic, Female, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Neoplastic Cells, Circulating, Precision Medicine, Receptor, ErbB-2, Receptors, Estrogen, Receptors, Progesterone, Reproducibility of Results, Research Design, Treatment Outcome