Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.
Galluzzi L., Vitale I., Aaronson SA., Abrams JM., Adam D., Agostinis P., Alnemri ES., Altucci L., Amelio I., Andrews DW., Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M., Antonov AV., Arama E., Baehrecke EH., Barlev NA., Bazan NG., Bernassola F., Bertrand MJM., Bianchi K., Blagosklonny MV., Blomgren K., Borner C., Boya P., Brenner C., Campanella M., Candi E., Carmona-Gutierrez D., Cecconi F., Chan FK-M., Chandel NS., Cheng EH., Chipuk JE., Cidlowski JA., Ciechanover A., Cohen GM., Conrad M., Cubillos-Ruiz JR., Czabotar PE., D'Angiolella V., Dawson TM., Dawson VL., De Laurenzi V., De Maria R., Debatin K-M., DeBerardinis RJ., Deshmukh M., Di Daniele N., Di Virgilio F., Dixit VM., Dixon SJ., Duckett CS., Dynlacht BD., El-Deiry WS., Elrod JW., Fimia GM., Fulda S., García-Sáez AJ., Garg AD., Garrido C., Gavathiotis E., Golstein P., Gottlieb E., Green DR., Greene LA., Gronemeyer H., Gross A., Hajnoczky G., Hardwick JM., Harris IS., Hengartner MO., Hetz C., Ichijo H., Jäättelä M., Joseph B., Jost PJ., Juin PP., Kaiser WJ., Karin M., Kaufmann T., Kepp O., Kimchi A., Kitsis RN., Klionsky DJ., Knight RA., Kumar S., Lee SW., Lemasters JJ., Levine B., Linkermann A., Lipton SA., Lockshin RA., López-Otín C., Lowe SW., Luedde T., Lugli E., MacFarlane M., Madeo F., Malewicz M., Malorni W., Manic G., Marine J-C., Martin SJ., Martinou J-C., Medema JP., Mehlen P., Meier P., Melino S., Miao EA., Molkentin JD., Moll UM., Muñoz-Pinedo C., Nagata S., Nuñez G., Oberst A., Oren M., Overholtzer M., Pagano M., Panaretakis T., Pasparakis M., Penninger JM., Pereira DM., Pervaiz S., Peter ME., Piacentini M., Pinton P., Prehn JHM., Puthalakath H., Rabinovich GA., Rehm M., Rizzuto R., Rodrigues CMP., Rubinsztein DC., Rudel T., Ryan KM., Sayan E., Scorrano L., Shao F., Shi Y., Silke J., Simon H-U., Sistigu A., Stockwell BR., Strasser A., Szabadkai G., Tait SWG., Tang D., Tavernarakis N., Thorburn A., Tsujimoto Y., Turk B., Vanden Berghe T., Vandenabeele P., Vander Heiden MG., Villunger A., Virgin HW., Vousden KH., Vucic D., Wagner EF., Walczak H., Wallach D., Wang Y., Wells JA., Wood W., Yuan J., Zakeri Z., Zhivotovsky B., Zitvogel L., Melino G., Kroemer G.
Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field.